Marketing Term Report on Shan

MARKETING TERM REPORT BY KHAN AKHTER RUMMAN SHAN FOODS ABOUT THE COMPANY: Shan Foods came into existence in 1981 when it began operations from a single room as it was Shan Masala back then, launched full range of spices to cater to local public,due to its popularity Shan started exporting after a few years due to increased international popularity. But after sometime, the need to reposition the brand was felt. It needed to be repositioned as a food brand rather than a spice brand.Re-imaging the organization became necessary for re-positioning of the brand; it was a job well done and led to continued success of Shan on national and international fronts. The name of Shan Foods has become synonymous with highest quality and exquisite taste. . There are six broad categories of varieties Shan deals in including recipe mixes, plain spices, dessert mixes. Shan Food’s vision is â€Å"to be a dominant global player in food products and socially responsible company that attains its qua lity standards so that Shan stands for tradition trust and good taste. MARKETING STRATEGY: DIFFERENTIATION OF PRODUCT: Shan is able to differentiate from its competitors through its added facilities of the  V-look  technology and the coal grinding technology is only an example to their dedication to  provide nothing but the best  to their consumers . It’s the world class quality that brings the blind trust of the consumers on Shan products that it will not only be hygienically prepared but would be secure from any harmful ingredients that loose spices offer. TARGETED MARKET: Females aging from 18 to 45 years compose the main target market of Shan Foods.This is because of the reason that in our part of the world, women are mostly related to the food and cooking. Hence, Shan Foods develops products that are according the needs and wants of these women no matter if they are stay-at-home or working, single or married ones. POSITIONING OF THE PRODUCT: Shan Foods position s tatement is â€Å"To the confident and convenience seeking woman of today, our wide range of Shan spice mixes offer premium quality products, made with the finest ingredients like no other. It is just for the fact that the consumers should be provided with solution of having a tasty meal in no time with homemade mixes of recipes and spices. MARKETING MIX PRODUCT: The products of Shan can be broadly categorized into 6 categories, with multiple sub-categories. Looking at the product portfolio of Shan Foods, it is seen that Shan Foods has given is consumers an offering for every occasion and every type of taste. Be it traditional cuisine mixes like Biryani or an offering in the Dessert category; Shan has an offering to complement all the good things in life associated with food.The different product offerings of Shan Foods are: * -Biryani Mixes- * Stir Fried Foods- * Curry Spice Mixes * -Deep Fried Foods- * Barbeque-Vegetarian Foods- * Instant Foods * Khushbudaar Lehsan * Zaiqedaar Ad rak * Khatta Khatai * Qasuri Methi * Karara Zeera * Taiz Laal Mirch * Taaza Dhaniya * Zaafrani Garam Masala. * Teekhi Kaali Mirch * Khaalis Haldee PRICE: The pricing of all Shan offerings varies and depends on each Stock Keeping Unit (SKU). However, the price ranges for five (out of six) categories of Shan product offerings are as follows: * Recipe Mix: The Recipe mixes range from Rs. 0 to 40 * Plain Spices: Pricing of Plain spices varies SKU wise. For example, 50 grams red chili powder is available at a price of Rs. 20 and150 grams at Rs. 115 * Dessert Mixes: Desserts are all priced at Rs. 35 * Pickles Pickle pricing is Rs. 170 for 1000 grams, pricing varies as per SKU PLACE: Shan is easily available at all general stores as well as departmental stores. Shan Foods is focusing on the indirect marketing channels where they sell Shan products through retailers. Shan Foods is also available in 60 foreign countries.The brand is exported to UK, USA, and Middle East and now to Far East re gions as well. Sales Force in Shan Foods is divided into three types: General Trade (general stores, Kiryana stores, Medical and Genaral stores), Local modern trade (super stores such as Aghaz, Naheed, Chase), and International Modern trade (Large houses such as Makro and Metro). PROMOTION: It has started to reach out to a wider audience keeping in mind the changing lifestyle to nuclear families and convenience seekers. The advertisements of Shan’s offerings focus entirely in the females of the family.The marketing strategy is very customer oriented i. e. Shan emphasizes on marketing its products keeping in mind its customers thus having a customer centric view. Shan has recently realized that a potential part of the population i. e. the teenagers are the ones that will become tomorrow’s decision makers. More recently, the major marketing or promotional expenditure done by Shan Foods is on making deals with television channels for their commercial air time. MARKETING E NVIRONMENT: There is a lot of difficulty of this marketing environment are low prices and unbranded competitor’s.Due to high competition and low prices of competitors it gets difficult to attract customers to buy their product. It is very difficult to earn brand loyalty. Apart from this, some of the major driving forces in the Pakistani spice industry are changes in societal concerns, lifestyles and attitudes, product innovation and changes in who buy the product and how they use it. There are many factors behind increased demand of spices in Pakistan; a major factor is the changing lifestyles of people who now prefer ready to use ingredients over traditional home made spices.Also, spices have always been in demand due  to the sub-continental style of cooking. As there are a number of competitors in the market, the consumers and buyers have substantial power to influence the marketing of Shan products. Major resellers and wholesalers like Metro and Makro are generally used for grocery shopping or bulk buying which is why Unilever also uses them as a forum to create awareness of their products. For example separate customized and decorated racks for display of all Shan recipes. COMPETITORS:Except for small unbranded products Shan has a large share of competition from National foods, Mehran foods, Ahmed Foods, Habib Foods, Zaiqa Foods and Kitchen Secrets. Only 40% use the branded product and 60% percent of consumers use the unbranded product, hence local spice manufacturers and grinders pose as major competitors. Shan Foods and National Foods are almost occupying the similar share in Volumes as well as in % but the growth of Shan Foods is Showing the steady increase while the National foods is Showing fluctuations in its market growth.Strategic distribution of both Shaan and National products pose as a major competitive advantage because although Chef’s Pride holds the third position is market share, it should be noted that it is not available in many retail outlets across Pakistan and especially Karachi. ANALYSIS OF COMPETITORS: Due to the unbranded products having 60 % of the market Shan only has to compete for the 40% of the share of the market. The major competitors of the 40% market are National foods, Mehran foods, Ahmed foods, Habib foods, Zaiqa foods and Kitchen secrets.When it comes to food products, taste development and loyalty are major concerns which are well considered by Shan Foods in contrast to its competitors as they target taste values and customer satisfaction more than they target family values like marketing campaigns of National Foods. Due to having competitors making almost the same products as Shan there is rigid competition in the market on price and quality both of which they cannot give up on or else the other product takes the market. CHARACTERS AFFECTING CONSUMER BEHAVIOUR:The major attractive characteristics of Shan include its persistent good taste, maintained high quality, health friendly an d attractive packaging and availability. Moreover, it keeps the loyal customers satisfied with delicious taste. Moreover, the wide range of products and SKU’s available consolidate Shan’s presence in various niches and keep its customers loyal to the brand. In this regard, Shan’s ‘Oriental recipes’ proved very beneficial in the retention of customers. With their introduction, many housewives are now able to make restaurant standard food at home.And this attracted the modern youth to eat at home as they prefer continental food. Another attractive characteristic is that Shan foods is a leading exporter of food items from Pakistan providing it an opportunity to tap the large global market which helps it to expand at a rapid pace. At the same time, the consumers have been greatly inclined by the brand communication of Shan. Shan’s strategy of showing mouthwatering dishes on their bill boards and in advertisements has been an immense success. This â€Å"Big Idea† has been running for more than 3 years and still has not lost its relevance.Hence, the nature and intensity of these campaigns have been bolstered by Shan’s external marketing through bill boards, television advertisements, high repetition and short duration messages on TV, cooking programs for housewives and sponsored events. BUYING DECISION BEHAVIOUR: As people live in metro cities they tend to go for branded products compared to unbranded ones. In our product’s case, customers are most likely to have complex buying behavior. This is mainly because there is a high perceived difference among the brands of recipes. In Pakistan, people love their food.And want it according to their traditional taste. This encourages a complex procedure of choosing between brands. However, the customers who are conformed to the taste of Shan will not go for the other competitors irrespective of their marketing strategy. Moreover, the purchase of Shan Masala involv es a great amount of consumer involvement. This is because the purchase of Shan’s products changes according to seasons. If on one occasion Fruitchart masala is in demand because of Holy Ramadan, BBQ mixes could be indemand on Eids or in summers when families invite friends over on BBQ parties.The Haleem & BBQ mix are in greater demand during the winter season whileChana Chat mix is purchased more often in summer. This requires constant attention of customers in their purchases. Hence the high consumer involvement and significant perceived differences among brands involves a complex buying behavior. BUYING DECISION PROCESS: Since Shan is a well known product with its own target market, customer’s decision making process will not be very lengthy. However, several customers might undergo through the following steps: Need recognition: At this stage, the buyer recognizes the problem or need.In Pakistan, the busy schedule of people and easy-living trend has made Shan Recipe s an inevitable part of every household’s grocery. Similarly in foreign countries, the feeling of home and desirability of traditional food encourages the move towards Shan Recipes. Information search: at this stage measures like internet blogs, TV advertisements and communication with peers, etc are taken by different customers to reach to a buying decision. In Shan’s case, very few customers will undertake this step due to its strong brand position in Pakistan.This is because of Shan’s strong heritage in Pakistani households, it is passed on from mothers to daughters, like values and beliefs. Similarly in foreign countries the sources of information are the newly shifted relatives, online search engine and the availability in shopping marts. Evaluation of alternative: Different consumers have different evaluation process. This depends upon several factors including their affiliation and past experience with the product. In Shan’s case, most of the Pakis tani customers are old regular users and are unlikely to go through this stage.However, in foreign countries, new customers may go for the alternative brands to get the best. This stage depends upon the availability of other competitors. Purchase decision: Generally this decision might be influenced by attitude of others or unexpected situational factors. However, in our products case, external determinants are mainly economic factors and demeaning product quality. Post purchase behavior: Shan has established certain expectations with its brand which it aims to fulfill. Almost all of the consumers take certain actions after their consumption based on their satisfaction or dissatisfaction.Moreover they undergo cognitive dissonance, which means that the satisfaction or dissatisfaction involves certain compromises. In Shan’s case, the compromises made by new customers are the advantages of close competitive detergent. BIBILOGRAPHY http://shanfoodspk. com/ http://www. scribd. com /doc/37193856/Strategic-Management-Comparision-of-Shan-Foods-and-National-Foods http://www. nation. com. pk/pakistan-news-newspaper-daily-english-online/business/04-Jul-2010/Shan-Foods-promotes-healthy-environment http://www. importgenius. com/shipments/shan-foods-private-limited. html http://pakbiz. com/profile/Shan-Foods/

Analyses the leadership of Carlos Ghosn, CEO of Nissan Motor Corporation Essay

Introduction This paper analyses the leadership of Carlos Ghosn, CEO of Nissan Motor Corporation. Carlos has been recognised as a successful leader whose leadership managed to rescue Nissan from its financial crisis in the late 90s. His contribution to the company, industry and society is significant. I will start by giving an idea about the history of Nissan followed by introducing Carlos Ghosn as an individual and analysing his leadership style using various leadership theories and models. We will also assess the effectiveness and efficiency as well as the business value added to Nissan through his leadership. The Company Nissan company was established in Yokohama in the year 1933 to take over the manufacturing of Datsun Ltd. It was renamed as â€Å"Nissan† the following year. In 1935, the company started to produce sub-compact cars, named Datsun and started exporting to Australia. In the year 1936, Nissan bought a new production line which was intended for small passenger cars but because of  the war, the company had to shift to military vehicles and ships (The Short History of Nissan Motor Company, 2013). The war had a huge impact on the company as half of the plant was taken by the occupation forces for a decade which delayed the company’s growth and by the time war ended; many customer had already switched to Toyota. To recover from that, Nissan collaborated with Austin Motors and launched a new car in the year 1958 which lead them to win The Deming prize in 1960. Nissan launched two manufacturing operations in the United States and in the United Kingdom in the years 1980, 1984 res pectively. It also established new headquarters in North America and Europe with a vision to make the decisions of design, production and marketing locally. The company which had been under debts for the previous seven years signed an agreement with Renault in the year 1999 and both companies formed an alliance for mutual benefit and growth for both. Nissan Revival Plan (NRP) for restructuring which was announced in 1999 aimed to reaching sustainable and continuous global growth. The objectives of this plan were met by the end of 2001. The company currently manufactures cars in twenty locations globally. Worldwide number of sold units in 2011 exceeded 4.800 million. In addition to cars, Nissan develops and produces marine equipment as well (The Short History of Nissan Motor Company, 2013). Carlos as a person Carlos Ghosn was born in Brazil in 1954 to Lebanese-Brazilian parents. The family moved to Lebanon in 1960. He completed his secondary school in Lebanon before travelling to France for university study. He got his engineering degrees from the École Polytechnique in the year 1978. After graduation, Carlos worked for Michelin & Cie. for eighteen years. At the age of thirty, he became the Chief Operating Officer of Michelin’s South America’s operations which operated at a budget of $300 Million. He succeeded in turning over the South American operation from losses to profits. After that he became the Chief Executive Officer of Michelin in North America. Carlos joined Renault in 1996 as an Executive Vice President for advanced research. Renault purchased 36.3 of Nissan’s shares in 1999 and Carlos MOVED TO Japan and joined Nissan as a COO and was named CEO two years later (Millikin, J and Dean, Fu, 2004: 121-125). Carlos and Nissan When Carlos joined Nissan in 1999, the company was suffering from losses and it had large debts which represented high risks for the investors. It was clear that the company could not have sustained in the market for long with this operating rate. Moreover, it appeared that Renault’s future is dependent on Nissan’s recovery from this bad position after the acquisition of a large portion of Nissan. Carlos realised that a radical change had to happen and he proposed a three-year revival plan which was later known as â€Å"Nissan Revival Plan†. â€Å"When the NRP was first announced, Nissan’s executive committee announced three bold commitments; if any of these were not met, the members promised to resign: †¢ A return to net profitability in fiscal year 2000 †¢ A minimum operating income to sales margin of 4.5 per cent by fiscal year 2002 †¢ Consolidated net automotive debt reduced to less than  ¥700 billion by fiscal year 2002† (Nissan Revival Plan, 2013). In his revival plan, Carlos identified the root cause for the poor performance of Nissan in the past years. These were: â€Å"1) Lack of profit orientation 2) Not enough focus on customers 3) Lack of cross-functional, cross-border, intra-hierarchical lines work 4) Lack of a sense of urgency 5) No shared vision or common long-term plan† (Nissan Revival Plan, 2013). Carlos believed that the opportunity to improve did actually exist. He identified some success factors that would allow Nissan to recover from its crisis and occupy a high ranking in the automobile market. Nissan had a global presence. It had markets in different continents with a diverse customer base. The company also excelled in its manufacturing system and the quality of the products was never a subject of a complaint. He believed in people of Nissan as a key asset in addition to other organizational assets such as know-how, policies, procedure, customers and partners. Nissan had a leading edge in some field of the technology and its new alliance with a big and reputable company like Renault represented- according to his vision- a further success factor. All of that made Carlos believe that his  plan would succeed and that he could lead Nissan back to retain its ranking in the industry. The Revival Plan: The revival plan was based on cross-functional groups. These groups were formed by the executive committee and they included two hundred people from Japan, The United States and Europe. The cross functional teams focused on different areas. These areas were: â€Å" Business Development Marketing & Sales Purchasing SG & A Manufacturing Financial Management R & D Product Phasing Out Organization & Decision Making Process â€Å"(Nissan Revival Plan, 2013). The cross-functional teams assessed two thousand ideas and proposed four hundred proposals to the executive committee. The plan aimed at growth with increased profits and reduced debts. Business development portion of the plan aimed at developing new products and models, reducing the lead time which could be achieved by reducing the product development cycle and order delivery periods as well as the time to start selling in new markets. The plan had to target twenty per cent reduction in costs by the end of the third year. The plan suggested to centralize procurement and to shorten the list of suppliers as well as including services as a buying strategy. The plan also suggested increasing the utilization of the manufacturing capacity by shutting down three assembly plants and forcing the rest to work in two shifts. The industrial organisation was also changed into a simpler and more efficient way. Cost reducti on was an important aspect of the plan and for this purpose several action were made such as reducing incentives and emphasising more on the power of the brand name, closing 10% of retail outlets and opening for longer hours, utilizing the alliance with Renault and employing E-commerce. R&D costs were cut down by leveraging with Renault as well. Carlos has changed the model of the company from being  multi-regional to being a global organisation. That required a global head quarter, worldwide strategy, centralized planning and the global control of several function of the Nissan. Carlos realized that this could not have been achieved without the key asset of the company, its people. For that, he empowered the directors for cross-functionality and orientation towards profit. He also introduced compensations for performance which included bonuses and shares options. The opportunity for career promotion existed for those as well (Nissan Revival Plan, 2013). By implementing this plan, Carlos achieved the goals a year earlier than what was initially proposed. He managed to save the company two hundred billion Yen. On the other hand, the plan had an impact on people. Twenty one thousand people lost their jobs as a result of the cost headcount reduction he embraced and t herefore, Carlos was subject to criticism by media in Japan and worldwide. Nevertheless, Carlos has been recognized as a leader of change whose leadership and management not only turned losses back into profits but also contributed to a structural and cultural change within the company. His method and vision has been adopted by many leadership schools. Therefore, his contribution exceeds Nissan to other businesses and fields worldwide (Nissan Revival Plan, 2013). Carlos the leader Carlos’s personal and career profiles allowed him to be a successful leader. This can be illustrated by analysing different dimensions as suggested by Kotter (1990). Carlos learned from his experience with Renault as a vice president of advanced research to keep looking at the horizon while creating and executing strategies. An example of this visionary leadership is his empathy to the new generation of cars which runs on electric power as he anticipated that this is the future trend of the industry and wanted Nissan to lead it. He managed to have his followers share his vision and opened the door for them to grow and advance in their career. His revival plan relied on having the cross-functional teams brainstorm and share thoughts away from the bureaucracy and structural limitations. The plan also suggested a large number of thoughts to be assessed and presented to the board which reflects his openness and willing to listen to others’ thoughts rather than directing the m to adopt his own (Nissan Revival Plan, 2013). One of the success  factors for Carlos is that he believes in having no perception of the organisation or the culture before he actually gets exposed to it. He wanted to learn by experience: â€Å"†¦I asked people what they thought was going right, what they thought was going wrong, and what they would suggest to make things better. I was trying to arrive at an analysis of the situation that would not be static but would identify what we could do to improve the company’s performance. It was a period of intensive, active listening. I took notes, I accumulated documents that contained very precise assessments of the different situations we had to deal with, and I drew up my own personal summaries of what I learned. In the course of those three months, I must have met more than a thousand people. During that time I constructed, bit by bit, my image of the company based on hundreds of meetings and discussions† (Ghosn C , 2006: 93-94). His leadership created a radical change to the company that lead the company towards restoring its position in the market, a mission that would have seemed to be impossible to many. Carlos also believes in sharing knowledge and experience that may help other firms grow and succeed. This is clearly depicted by the new service introduced by Nissan, the consulting services which allow the transfer of Nissan’s Production Way (NPW) which relies on Kaizen (improvements) to other firms. â€Å"Nissan Production Way is a key ingredient of our success. I hope that you will make it part of yours† (Nissan production way, 2013). Nissan consulting services also represents a radical change from a company that adopts continuous improvement theories to a consulting company that help others adopt them. Theories of leadership vary in their approach toward the analysis of a leader’s style. Some of these theories emphasise on the behaviour of the leader. In other words, they suggest that individuals are considered leaders when they act as such rather that by their personal characteristics. This is a more realistic approach than trait theories which assume that leaders are born not made (University of Leicester, 2011: 247-254). Lewin et al (1939, cited in University of Leicester, 2011:250) identified three styles of leaders, autocratic, democratic, and laissez-faire. We can think of Carlos as a democratic leader who demonstrated a sound level of engagement to the team during critical decision making. The cross-functional teams were asked to  think, discuss and assess ideas and present a reasonable number of thoughts to the management. This level of engagement to the team boosted their spirit and improved the quality of the decisions made. Fleishman’s (1953 cited in University of Leicester, 2011:251) two factor theory of leadership emphasises on two dimensions, consideration and initiating structure. Carlos managed to achieve efficient balance between these two dimensions, allowing employees to communicate their thoughts and ideas and respecting them without losing the lines of responsibilities which are required to manage such a multi-cultural and a multi-national organization. In other words, he stands in the middle between being people-centred and task oriented; this is referred to by Blake and Mouton (1964 cited in University of Leicester, 2011:253), as â€Å"Middle of the road†. Carlos believed that the solution for the company’s problems existed within the cross-functional teams and he shared this with them. On the other hand, he set the process, targets and timelines for his plan which represented a high level of task-orientation. Contingency theories suggest that leadership style may vary based on the situation in which the leader works (University of Leicester, 2011:255-262).They also relate to various parameters such as the leader, his/her followers and the nature of the tasks which the leader is trying to complete. It is clear that Carlos possessed many characteristics that allowed him to lead efficiently. He is Lebanese by origin, was brought up in Brazil, got educated in France and has worked in different countries. All of that enhanced his capability to lead in a diverse environment and overcome the challenge of being one of few non-Japanese leading a Japanese company. His work experience gave him exposure to various areas of the business ranging from business development to top level management including research. This allowed him to bring back Nissan to its financially healthy position and- at the same time- make advancements in other business areas. Carlos believed in Nissan as a company, in its people as assets and in Japan’s culture as a platform. For him to succeed, he had to secure the cooperation of those under his leadership. He had to make them see him as an efficient leader. He believed that this cannot be achieved without bridging the cultural gap between his origin, experience and the new environment he had to work within. He started learning about Japan, its culture, language  and even the food. He believed in respecting and understanding the culture of these people while trying to make a contribution. â€Å"I would say even though the term today is not very popular, love the country and love the culture in which you are in. And try to learn about its strengths, don’t focus on the weaknesses, and make sure that all the people you are transferring with you are of the same opinion† (The transcultural leader, 2013). Carlos benefitted from the culture of Japan. In an interview with MTV channel, he s tated that the commitment he and the committee will resign if the revival plan objectives were unmet, had been inspired by the culture of the Samurai who would defend his land and would kill himself in case of failure. He realised that importance of commitment to Japanese (Interview with Carlos Ghosn – MTV Lebanon, 2012). One of the reasons for his effective leadership in Nissan relates to the nature of his mission. It was obvious that the future of the two allied companies depended on his success in leading Nissan out of its crisis. He also tried to use urgency as a motivation factor therefore; he committed dates for his tasks to be accomplished and held himself as well as the team accountable for achieving them. The Path-goal theory of Robert House(1971 cited in University of Leicester, 2011:259) suggests that a leader can motivate his/her subordinates towards reaching the goals by helping them draw a clear path to those objectives and by giving more recognition to members who achieve those goals. When Carlos first formed the cross-functional teams, the team felt lost as of what is required from them and how to achieve it. Carlos realized this and he invited them to a meeting in which he explained the purpose of forming these teams and his expectations from them. He also promised his directors rewards and incentives for achieving the goals of his plan. In fact, before Carlos came up with his revival plan, he spent some time meeting with people at different levels of the organisation in order to understand the culture and the challenges he was going to face. The establishment of the cross-functional teams allowed him to engage large number of the company’s staff in idea generation, ref lecting a participative leadership style. As a Chief Executive Officer of the two companies, Renault and Nissan Carlos  enjoyed a high level of authority on his subordinates which allowed his ideas to be easily adopted. The leadership of Carlos during crisis is seen as a good example of what Bass (1985 cited in University of Leicester, 2011:264) identified as â€Å"Transformational Leader†. He managed to raise the awareness, commitment and enthusiasm among his team. He envisioned a new future of Nissan, broke the frame that existed before him and personally committed towards this new vision. Carlos emphasised on team diversity and gender equality. Under his leadership, Nissan reached twice the rate of competitors in terms of number of female managers within the company. â€Å"On gender equality, the CEO says that when he started at Nissan, only one per cent of the top management at Nissan were women. While that was twice as good as his competitors, he was determined to increase the number of women in management still further. Today the number of women in management is five per cent, and the objective is to raise that figure to ten per cent. Ghosn says that although such targets are good, it’s more important to set a lasting, achievable trend for women that will prove that diversity delivers.† (The transcultural leader, 2013). Transactional leadership is based on transactions and exchange. It usually occurs in stable and predictable situations (Bass 1985, cited in University of Leicester, 2011:263-265). Carlos’s style is more transformational than transactional due to the dynamic and unpredictable nature of the industry as well as his personal characteristics. We can think of few people who are willing to relocate to a new country whose language and culture were totally new to him and lead a crisis recovery. The notion of a transformational leader has been criticised by Khurana (2002) who believed that transformational leaders can become over convinced of their charisma and may drive the company towards instability in order to allow a room for radical changes. However, these concerns seem to be invalid in the case of Carlos Ghosn whose interviews and public speeches show a greater emphasis on skills and techniques rather than personal charisma. Although he believes in changes and he directs his team to keep an eye on the horizon, he makes decisions based on rationality. Summary In this paper we have analysed the leadership of Carlos Ghosn, the CEO of Renault and Nissan companies. Having joined Nissan in the year 1999, when the company was suffering from a severe financial crisis, Carlos managed to rescue the company and turn it back into a profit generating firm. Carlos presented a successful leadership based on vision, participation, and passion about his employees as well as contribution to the culture of Nissan. We have used different theories and models for this analysis including behavioural theories, contingency theories as well as transformations theory of Bass. In my opinion, these theories and models are complementary rather than exclusive. They can all be used to analyse the leadership model and obtain a better understanding as of what made Carlos a successful leader of a change. Carlos’s leadership has been the subject of many researches in management and his method has been adopted by many schools. Cross-cultural dimensions have a high im portance in leadership. Carlos succeeded in leading people in different countries and organizations that varied in power distance, uncertainty avoidance and differed from his own culture, overcoming what was identified by Hofstede (1992, cited in Linstead et.al, 2009: 254) as challenges. Carlos managed to cut the costs by shutting down plants which made many people redundant. Some analysts argue that he could have achieved his goals by a different strategy. The fact that Carlos enjoyed high power being the CEO of both companies raises a question as to whether he would have succeeded had he been the CEO of Nissan only. Wouldn’t he have faced additional challenges from the main shareholder of Nissan, Renaut. References Bass, B. (1985), Leadership and Performance Beyond Expectations, New York: Free Press Burns, J.M. (1978), Leadership, New  ­York: Harper & Row 278 Organisational Behaviour Fielder F.E. (1967), A Theory of Leadership Effectiveness, New York: McGraw-Hill Fleishman, E.A. (1953), The Description of Supervisory Behaviour, Personnel Psychology, 37, 1–6 Ghosn, C. 2006, Shift Inside Nissan’s Historic Revival. Crown Business. Hofstede, G. (1980/1992) ‘Motivation, leadership and organization; Do American theories apply abroad’, in Lane, H.W. and Stefano, J.J. (eds) International Management Behavior, Boston: PWS/Kent. House R.J. (1971), A Path Goal Theory of Leadership, Administrative Science Quarterly, 16 (2), 321–338 Interview with Carlos Ghosn – MTV Lebanon, 2012. Available at: http://www.youtube.com/watch?feature=player_detailpage&v=_1Dc7VDQ3yw; accessed 29 April 2013. Kotter, J.P. (1990), What Leaders Really Do?, Harvard Business Review, May–June Lewin, K., Liippit, R. and White, R.K. (1939), Patterns of Aggressive Behavior in Experimentally Created Social Climates, Journal of Social Psychology, 10,271–301 Linstead, S et.al.(2004), Management and Organization: A Critical Text ,Palgrave Macmillan Limited Millikin, J., Dean, Fu. 2004 The global leadership of Carlos Ghosn at Nissan, Thunderbird International Business Review, 47(1):121–137 Nissan production way, 2013.Nissan production way. Available at: http://bcove.me/pm3yqd9c; accessed 29 April 2013. Nissan Revival Plan, 2013. Nissan Revival Plan. Available at: http://www.nissan-global.com/EN/DOCUMENT/PDF/FINANCIAL/REVIVAL/DETAIL/1999/fs_re_detail1999h.pdf; accessed 29 April 2013 School of management (2011), Organizational Behaviour, University of Leicester, 1:241-279. Stephen Linstead, Liz Fulop and Simon Lilley, 2009. Management and Organisation: A Critical Text, Second Edition. Palgrave Macmillan. The Short History of Nissan Motor Company. Available at: http://www.nissan-global.com/GCC/Japan/History/history/index-e.html; accessed 29 April 2013. The Transcultural Leader: Carlos Ghosn, CEO of Renault, Nissan Available at: http://knowledge.insead.edu/leadership-management/operations-management/the-transcultural-leader-carlos-ghosn-ceo-of-renault-nissan-1904; accessed 29 April 2013.

Recommendation for Starbucks Coffee Company Essay

INTRODUCTION The purpose of this report is to conduct market analysis and recommend appropriate marketing strategies for Starbucks Coffee. In the report, we will first look into Starbucks’s goal, its product and markets. Then we will look into the key actions and decisions that lead to the success of the company. After that, we will discuss the issues that Starbucks is facing in this competitive global market. For each strategic issue, appropriate marketing recommendations for the company are made respectively. BACKGROUND AND SITUATION ANALYSIS Starbucks Coffee starts in 1971 with a single store in Seattle’s Pike Place Market. Today, they are privileged to welcome nearly 35 million customers on a weekly basis, in more than 12,000 stores around the world. (www.starbucks.com) Starbucks’s goal is to become the leading retailer and brand of coffee in each of its target markets by selling the finest quality coffee and related products and by providing each customer a unique â€Å"Starbucks Experience†. â€Å"Starbucks Experience† is a third place after home and work with superior customer service, clean and well maintained retail stores which reflect the personalities of the communities in which they operate. Starbucks strategy for expanding its retail business is to increase its market share mainly by opening additional stores in existing markets and to open stores in new markets. In support of this strategy, Starbucks opened 1,040 new company operated stores in fiscal 2006. (www.starbucks.com) During fiscal 2006, Starbucks Coffee Company operated retail stores accounted for 85% of total net revenues. (Starbucks Annual Report 2006) In addition to company operated stores, Starbucks works with certain carefully chosen  business to operate licensed stores in various places. Its strategy is to reach customers where they work, travel, shop and dine by establishing relationship with people that share the Company’s values and commitment to quality. These relationships take various forms, including licensing arrangements, foodservice accounts and other initiatives related to the Company’s business. Licensed and Foodservice stores can be found on college campuses. Customers can enjoy their Starbucks in select supermarkets, hotels and military bases throughout foodservice venues around the world. During fiscal 2006, specialty revenues accounted for 15% of total net revenues. (Starbucks Annual Report 2006) Starbucks also recently has strategically sold coffee and tea products through other channels such as supermarkets, or non-traditional retail channels such as United Airlines, Marriott International, Holland-American Cruise Line, and Department Stores. MARKET ANALYSIS To achieving growth and making profits, Starbucks started to go international since 1996. International connections can build a strong foreign presence which helps to increase brand recognition and also increase the domestic business. The more stores Starbucks has around the world, the more loyalty and familiarity can be built among its existing and potential customers. The following are the macro environmental variables which are likely to impact Starbucks when going international:- _GEOGRAPHICAL FACTORS_ Starbucks has carefully analyzed various strategies for the placement of its stores. They have developed cost-saving options for these stores to meet the need to adapt to each geographic region. They also need to consider the tastes and preferences of each area. For example, customers in New Orleans prefer their bagels toasted and those in Atlanta require more seating for a â€Å"social† coffee break. _DEMOGRAPHICAL FACTORS_ Starbucks begin in US, which is the sector we are examining for demographics. As of July 2005, the population of the U.S. was estimated at 295,734,134 (CIA World Factbook). Population facts are important to Starbucks because they can give Starbucks valuable statistics, such as US population base per Starbucks store. People ages 15-64 make up the largest percentage of the population (67%), and therefore will have greater control of the market than any other sector (CIA World Factbook). This implies that the most important target market for Starbucks are people within this age group. The two largest ethnic groups in the U.S. are white 81.7%, black 12.9% and Asian 4.2%. (CIA World Factbook) The ethnic background is important to a company because it influences tastes, trends, perceptions, values and beliefs of an individual. _ECONOMICAL FACTORS_ Estimated GDP in 2004 was $11.75 trillion. GDP real growth rate was 4.4% (CIA World Factbook). The growth rate of GDP suggests that the economy is growing, and therefore there is opportunity for Starbucks to expand business. A very large per capita purchasing power parity of $40,100 suggests that Americans have the opportunity to buy specialty coffee drinks from an expensive, quality-intensive organization such as Starbucks (CIA World Factbook). _3.4 TECHNOLOGICAL FACTORS_ Strategic issues that will challenge Starbucks in the future are related to their tight control and lack of flexibility, organizational structure, and diversification. First, Starbucks is vertically integrated as they buy and roast the beans, ship them to the stores, produce, and sell the coffee. They may face difficulties or have to raise the price of their coffee if the cost of raw beans increases, or there is a decrease in available labor. The second issue is that they are centralized around controlling all steps of the distribution process, entering into joint ventures which may lead to quality control issues in locations. Another issue is the ability for growth. Starbucks will continue to grow in their core business, but the more they spread into international and joint ventures they will face increased quality control problems. _3.5 POLITICAL AND LEGAL FACTORS_ The Los Angeles city council was considering an ordinance that would require licensing of coffeehouses open past midnight. This demonstrates how government exertion can prove unprofitable for the business. Furthermore, anti-trust laws might prevent Starbucks from future expansions, since the company is not owned locally as with other franchisers. Other human-rights activists or organizations can potentially voice their concerns about the business’s process, such as how the leaflets concerning under-paid Guatemalan eventually forces Starbucks to establish several codes for treatments of its foreign subcontractors. _SOCIAL CULTURAL FACTORS_ Nationalism and cultural differences may result in recurrent problems on resource availability, product quality consistency and costs, which effect adversely to foreign operations. For instance, due to its population and potential of growth, China represents a grate opportunity of market. In the past, coffee was considered as a Western bourgeois commodity in China and people are used to have tea instead. Coffee doesn’t go well with Chinese food and culture as well. Until recently, the market research shows the country’s coffee drinking has doubled in the past four years. (www.marketwatch.com/news) Nevertheless, it still only amounts to about one cup per person per annum and the brand typically is instant Nescafe. Starbucks strives to create a unique culture with a passionate interest in changing a simple commodity into an addictive gourmet delicacy and meet  individual market wants and needs without compromising Starbucks’s brand image and culture of the company. STRATEGY RECOMMENDATIONS Starbucks’s competence in the style of stores and creative coffee drinks has propelled it to the front among coffee retailers. Starbucks is not just stands for a cup of fresh and nice coffee. Starbucks is about the passion for the soul of people, quality product, excellent customer service and the experience and understanding of the culture of coffee. In the following paragraphs, we are going to analysis the 4Ps (i.e. Product, Price, Place and Promotion) of Starbucks, followed by appropriate marketing strategic recommendations. _PRODUCT_ Premium Product Strategy Starbucks has been committed to sourcing the highest quality coffees around the world. It only purchases coffees that have been grown and processed by suppliers who meet strict environmental, social, economic, and quality standards. Starbucks is well-known for its exceptionally high quality coffees, care in selection, and expertise in roast (www.starbucks.com). Broad Product Differentiation Depending upon competence and innovation, Starbucks establishes its long lasting and profitable competitive advantages by broadly differentiating its coffee and coffee related products. Brand Image Starbucks combines its merchandizing strategy with its marketing programs to create and reinforce a distinctive brand image for its coffees. The company’s brand image strategy is reflected in its product mix, producing,  and sales and educational materials. What Starbucks stands for is a good cup of fresh coffee and the recognized brand worldwide. Recommendations: It is undeniable that Starbucks has a competitive advantage when it comes to quality, especially when compared to other generic coffee commodity. However, in terms of convenience, despite arduous efforts to establish Starbucks at every corner, there are still more supermarkets than there are Starbucks bars. Realizing the potential for this convenience sector of the coffee market, Starbucks should actively pursuing substitutes that compete in these areas, for example a pre-packaged drinks or offer tea in its shops as a preemptive measure to fight off any teahouse looking to steal away the coffee drinkers. Sometime Asia can be mistakenly seen as one culture by outsiders. It can be true somehow, yet to be successful in the region. The countries in Asia are totally different when it comes to culture, value, religion, tastes etc. Many Asians prefer for tea especially in China, a county of devoted tea drinkers who do not take readily to the taste of coffee. Starbucks should set different strategies and approaches for each market to make Starbucks’s experience to be part of the culture. To meet local tastes or preferences, Starbucks can act local, for example, by introducing alcoholic beverage fro special happy hour set in some countries or region. Traditionally Korea and China are huge alcohol consuming culture as well as coffee. High margin of beer, wine or cocktail may help Strarbucks match local tastes and preferences, most importantly, can boost its revenue. _PLACE_ Site Selection Starbucks stores are normally gathered in high-traffic, high visibility locations. It takes more than just location to be successful. Attracting  customers to Starbucks happens by providing high quality coffee and creating inviting, comfortable places that are conveniently located. These places should be those that add to the spirit of each community. Store Expansion Starbucks expands its stores by entering new markets wherever the opportunity exists to become the leading specialty coffee retailer. By the year 2006, its current location totals 12,440 worldwide (www.starbucks.com) Recommendation From past experiences, customer loyalties cannot be stretched or transferred to a new product or channel in a short time. Starbucks should expect a gradually change on its customers’ purchasing power and habits. Eventually, the Internet may reconfigure how customers think of mass-market brands. But that shift will take years to unfold and company leaders need to manager the transition with great skills. Therefore, Starbucks needs to make some change on its current e-commerce strategy. First, it may add more value to its value chain by expending its website function as a communication tool to link its stakeholders such as customers, suppliers, management and employees. Second, consolidate the public relation function. Starbucks.com is not only a window for online business, but also a window for building the company’s image and reputation. Third, keep online business on core products but maintain the products diversification as a long-term strategy, and implement it by gradually introducing new products one at a time. Last, to strategic ally with .com companies to expend its selling channels. Starbucks can setup online chat room to facilitate communication among its stakeholders. It may also create free email accounts to further spread its fame and consolidate customers’ loyalty. In addition, it can gradually add indirect coffee related products into its online sales collection, such as coffee machine. It may also want to introduce some online coffee tour package to provide cheap travel tours or hotel accommodation. In order to increase sales, Starbucks may also ally with .com companies to promote its  products. For example, to sign a sell contract with yahoo.com to carry Starbucks’ products. _PROMOTION_ Starbucks doesn’t have much conventional advertising because it found that there is too much competition for consumers’ attention in TV, radio and print media. Starbucks usually picks one or two charities or events that reach the community it serves. This will inspire people inside and outside the company and reinforce the company’s value and image. Starbucks integrates its corporate culture with its surroundings. At all levels of the Company, Starbucks partners strive to be good neighbors and active contributors in the communities where they live and work. It’s part of the Starbucks culture. It is the goal of Starbucks to involve partners as decision-makers, volunteers, and leaders in the initiatives they support. Recommendation To be a real global company, Starbucks can participate in or support local events, helping education in developing countries or community activities so that it can enhance its public relationship with those international markets. In most Asian markets, once it is perceived as a true partner or caretaker, its growth strategy might work just as in US market. _PRICE_ Best value offering By pricing its coffee competitively with the prevailing high-end coffee prices, Starbucks represents an attractive combination of price, features, high quality, good service and other attributes customers find attractive. Recommendation The fact that Starbucks prides itself in customer service, providing the â€Å"Starbucks experience† for the customer, means that the business is mainly customer-oriented, and thus translates to a strong customer’s power. Nonetheless, the greater the importance of the product’s quality or services to the customers, as is the case with coffees, there is little extent to the buyers’ price sensitivity. This indicates that as long as Starbucks maintains quality products and superb customer-service, individual consumers are unlikely to be able to exert their buying powers. Therefore, it’s good for Starbucks to maintain its prevailing high-end coffee prices. CONCLUSION It is no doubt that Starbucks is one of the most successful company in the world. They used a simply strategy, â€Å"connecting links between treating employees with dignity and respect and producing a good product and services.† That was the major factors that differentiate Starbucks from others and bring the successful to Starbucks. The future of Starbucks, which is in a fast-growth phase, is apparently to be successful and promising. However, those keys of success may not be applicable to tomorrow’s environment and in global market. Defending and growing a competitive position requires firmly built strategies based on its unique, valuable and leading capabilities and resources, rather than the products and services themselves, proactively responding to ever changing internal and eternal environment to keep fending off its competitors. Although currently there are no formidable competitors for Starbucks leadership in both international and domestic markets, it should not take it for granted for good. Tomorrow’s destiny of Starbucks should depend on its strategic capability to preserve and sustain its strengths, offset weaknesses, avoid threats and capitalize on opportunities. If Starbucks would correctly identify and deal with the issues under current and near future circumstances, it could remain excited about further growth and continues to be prosperous. List of References http://www.starbucks.com/aboutus/investor.asp http://geography.about.com/library/cia/blcusa.htm (CIA World Factbook) http://www.marketwatch.com/news Sandhusen, Richard, 1994, Global Marketing, Hauppauge, New York. Cateora, Philip R., 1996, International Marketing, Irwin, Chicago. Peter J. Buckley, Fred Burton and Hafiz Mirza, 1998, The Strategy and organization of international business, Macmillan Press, New York. Masaaki Kotabe, Kristiaan Helsen, 1998, Global marketing management, John Wiley, New York. Bryan Lowes, Christopher Pass and Stuart Sanderson, 1994, Companies and markets, Oxford, UK. Starbucks Annual Report 2006 (2006). Starbucks Annual Report. Seattle,WA., Starbucks Coffee Company.

Criminal Justce Tools Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Criminal Justce Tools - Assignment Example rst pioneered through the use and acceptance of the Uniform Crime Report (UCR) by both federal police agencies (such as the Federal Bureau of Investigation) and by local and state police organizations of the United States of America which enabled law enforcement organizations to enhance their crime fighting strategies based on effective criminal information gathering methods and effective analyst of data. As technology continues to evolve, the advent of the computer and consequently, the creation and use of advance analytical software or programs have greatly influenced the further effectiveness of police information management systems. Police intelligence or Law Enforcement Intelligence is a relatively new concept of policing since by tradition, most police agencies do not maintain a dedicated unit with full time intelligence officers and analysts, nor does most police agencies involved in the collection, collation, management or even share criminal information with appropriate members of the intelligence community. The need however for a police agency to have a dedicated intelligence capability have become more relevant with the advent of transnational crime and terrorism in the global scene, with law enforcement becoming more integral and dynamic with the continuing refinement of police methodologies and access to resources that better allows the police to more effectively serve the community. One of the most significant strides in technology which contributed to relevance of law enforcement intelligence is the existing and emerging technologies brought about by custom made software dedicated for law enforcement analytical functions, data management, intelligence production and dissemination. The dissemination of much needed intelligence by means of the internet makes its easier for large, medium and small police agencies to share intelligence and disseminate the same to other police agencies or jurisdiction, therefore directly contributing not only in

Back to Basics at Westbank Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Back to Basics at Westbank - Essay Example In other words, Ms. Jones must have a serious meeting with members of the board and make sure that the company is heading in the right direction, and that everyone in the company is ‘on the same page,’ as it were. If the company does not have a common goal (or goals), now is the time to do it, since the departure of Mr. Smith definitely heralds a new and exciting time in WestBank’s history. Now the company can start afresh, knowing that it has had some failures in the past with securing student overdrafts as did HSBC, but now it is flailing amidst the sundry musings of a—most likely—underpaid and underinformed work force. Therefore, it is up to Ms. Jones to set the company aright, although, truth be told, she cannot do this alone—she needs help. Most definitely, one of the key elements to her success is how the board meeting goes. She must find the unity of the company’s mindset, generally, in order to know how to proceed and take the d irection of the company. II. WestBank’s Former Reputation (325 words) Obviously, WestBank got into a lot of trouble by backing a bunch of unsecured debts, and that is basically where it ran into troubles. Let’s hope that WestBank doesn’t eventually do what happened to HSBC’s original parent company. â€Å"[Britain’s Midland Bank] was the biggest in the world in 1934, and then went into a slow decline, eventually being taken over by HSBC in 1992, changing its name to HSBC Bank plc in 1999† (Siklos, Bohl, & Wohar, 2010, pp. 168). In order to maintain the WestBank brand, it is of premier importance that all of WestBank’s dealings be transparent with Premier, the parent company. That was not the case at HSBC. â€Å"At HSBC, the bank was 'happy to discuss some of the finer detail in private meetings, but prefer[red] to restrict circulation of the internal policies themselves'† (De Neve, 2008, pp. 249). Another bank, Santander, was e stablished by having replaced various UK banks that had formerly been well-known. â€Å"[Banco Santander] is headquartered at the Ciudad Financeria Santander (Santander Financial City) in Madrid and employs around 130,000 people worldwide. The history of BSCH began in 1857 when Banco Santander was established by royal decree†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (Wankel, 2009, pp. 106). It still holds significant appeal for the UK in the Royal Bank of Scotland (RBS). â€Å"In January 2000 Santander's holding in RBS peaked at about 10 percent. Later, Santander's support was critical to the success of RBS's bid for National Westminster, completed in March 2000† (Guillen, 2005, pp. 109). One of the mistakes that WestBank must learn from in its past is to not make the same mistakes in the future. In the next section it will be discussed what is currently the state of this particular bank and what it has to do to overcome its obstacles—and what Ms. Jones is going to have to do to make WestBank a winning brand once again. Obviously, there are steps which must be taken now to ensure success. III. WestBank’s Current Dilemma (300 words) WestBank’s current dilemma is very similar to that of what HSBC went thorugh. Right now, HSBC is going through a difficult time. â€Å"[For HSBC, t]he first-quarter reading was in line with the long-run series average of 54.9. Still, the

Rooms Devision Operations Management Assignment

Rooms Devision Operations Management - Assignment Example As such, legislation typically deals with safeguarding the privacy of all guests residing in the property, the security of individual guests and their property while they are in their respective rooms, and the protection of the personal information. Hospitality facilities have the legal and ethical responsibility to ensure the protection of the personal information that is provided to them by their guests. This information can include, but is certainly not limited to, the names of each guests, their personal, and financial information. This data is typically provided to the hotel at the time of registration, and again at check-in. When each guests checks out from the property, the obligation of the property to properly dispose of all such information is legally stipulated as well. There is also the expectation that the front of area staff should not divulge information about any current, future, or past guest unless they have specific permission and authorization to do so (McMillan, 2013). In terms of each individual room within the property, the staff in the accommodations division are charged with the responsibility of ensuring the safety and security of the personal property of each guests, and they should take all reasonable and customary measure to see after the personal safety of their guests as well. There is also the legal expectation that guest rooms be maintained according to the standards of cleanliness as dictated by the location in which the hotel property is located. 1.2 Roles and Responsibilities of Accommodation and Reception Staff The accommodations staff is largely responsible for maintaining each guest room and ensuring that is up to the expected of standards of the property each every night. Such staff people are also to make themselves available on as needed basis in order to facilitate the demands of guests as they happen. This includes make available any items that might have been neglected during the cleaning and room preparation process . The staff in the accommodations division must also set the standard of quality and cleanliness for the hotel, as they are the individuals responsible to ensure that each room is properly cleaned and prepared each evening. This is done in accordance with the level of quality that the respective property is designed to maintain. The staff at the reception of a hotel are also invaluable to this end as well, as they are the individuals that take care of the guests before and their arrival, and upon check out as well. It should be pointed out the the reception staff are usually the first contact people that the guests have at a hotel. They are also the individuals at the hotel that a guest often goes to first when they have a complaint about certain aspects of the room division operations, so the staff should be adequately trained in conflict resolution. Members of the receptions staff should be trained in how to accommodate the demands of their guests, within reason, and to make that they do everything in their power to make sure that their stay is memorable, from check-in through check-out. It should finally be noted that members of the reception staff are also responsible for the normal tasks of checking in customers, helping them to pay their bills, and making sure that all of their concerns have been properly addressed throughout their stay. Since they are the most visible component and human face of the hotel, they need to strive to always be pleasant and accommodating in all of their dealings with each guest

What's your point of view Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

What's your point of view - Essay Example Video games function in a manner that an actual game in a real world is computer programmed and hardware is made, which aid in controlling the application. The world has witnessed an exponential growth of video and computer games all over the world. Almost all children in developed countries have witnessed or experienced how video games function. Instead of buying regular toys for children, parents nowadays buy their children video games since they are extremely popular (Schlimme 1). Video and computer games have many advantages. These include; improving cognitive skills in children who play these video games. Video and computer games have proved to be kits that instill motivation in children, as it is required that they play and advance to the next phase or level, which is more thrilling and interesting. Video and computer games are beneficial in the field of medicine because they are applied as part of therapy for patients with physical injuries (Medoff & Kaye 72). In physiotherapy, the games aid patients in developing motor skills and coordination. The extent to which a child or an individual concentrates when playing a game is known to relieve the child or individual’s mind from any psychological suffering or pain. Video and computer games are also educational materials as they can help in learning some math problems and language skills. Ultimately, video and computer games are main sources of psychological motivation since they put the players throug h feats, which they have to survive with the objective of moving to the next phase or level (Godara 102). As much as video and computer games are beneficial to the children and adults who play them, they have some elements, which display their detrimental nature. The great numbers of video and computer games that have themes of violence create a great havoc on the individuals who experience these games. These individuals are likely to behave in an

Development and the Environment-Environmental Factors and Human Essay

Development and the Environment-Environmental Factors and Human Activity - Essay Example This growth will be mostly seen in the urban areas of several developing countries worldwide (United Nations Population Fund, 2007). China, Indonesia, India and Brazil, whose combined populations account almost half of the world, have highly cosmopolitan centers that were rapidly changing and growing. The socio-economic as well as the political landscapes of these areas have metamorphosed over time due to the sudden proliferation of migrants from within and outside of the country (Jones & Visaria, 1997). It was hypothesized that the large inflows of migrants that precipitated the growth of urban areas were largely due to the multifaceted advantages that people think of cities (Gilbert & Gugler, 1992). The powerful presence of sophisticated infrastructures such as the health-care facilities, transportation services and communication channels, among others, which are hardly evident in rural areas, was believed to be the reason why there is a massive exodus bound for the metropolis (Bar tone, 1991; Gugler, 1988). The proximity of numerous financial institutions and academic organizations also explained these city-ward migrations (Dickenson, 1996). People who are lured by the many an opportunity in business and study relocated to the cities (Kasarda & Crenshaw, 1991). For aspiring investors, the city is a place where the promise of financial rewards abounds. Furthermore, a great deal of the population assumes that the universities and colleges in the city would not only bring them prestige but also outstanding privileges of employment. Consequently, the main rationalization of urbanization is the existence of employment opportunities in the cities (Yamazaki, 1993). Global statistics show that the swift sprouting of industries of multinational corporations in countries like Mexico and South Africa, and the cities of Dubai and Hongkong, spurred the arrival of people from the countryside or the provinces. In the Philippines, although there was a great number of out-mig rations and expatriation in the country, a significant swelling of urban cities was also reported (Stretton, 1981). A noticeable shift of the textile industries to the developing counties was documented in the in the last few decades (Fitzpatrick, 1983). Major players of the automobile industry were also focusing their manufacturing services in the Third World, as the palpable rise of car makers from the developing nations was observed (Cramer, 2005). These major transformations were derived from the proliferation of trading districts, corporate centers and tourism destinations in the Third World, where countries saw the need to gain a competitive edge by creating ‘global cities’ (Melchert, 2005). Hazards to the Urban Poor The story of urbanization is a paradox. While opportunities exist, problems also persist. As populations in urban areas grow swiftly and irrepressibly, the urbanites are confronted with a host of man-made and natural hazards. It is a wide-ranging pred icament to the urban poor: from high levels of risk due to inferior shelters and dangerous infrastructures to vulnerabilities in health-care provision, epidemics and criminality. Poverty is seen as the root of all powerlessness and the violations of the rights of the low-income citizens. Aside from this, the urban poor is faced with environmental hazards in their homes and workplaces that would lead to

Computer Ethics and Its Issues That Concern IT Professionals Essay

Computer Ethics and Its Issues That Concern IT Professionals - Essay Example Computer professionals need to know the boundaries of using the confidential information to avoid invasion of the people's privacy. The basics still settles down into knowing what is good and evil. One of the most basic and the most significant requirement of man is ethics. In order for him to understand the nature of good and evil, he has to have ethics that would explain to him these two opposing ideas. Doing what is right and what is wrong is determined by a person's ethics. Bahm (1994) defines ethics as a science that involves theory and practice. The theories derived out of a person's behaviour should as well be tested and clarified based from the resulting situation. At the same time, both personal and social aspects of man are interdependent such that each individual has his or her own values that enable him to tell whether the choices he made are right or wrong. Because of his values innate in him - for which the concept of ethics was drawn from - is dictated by man's oughtness which "consists in the power that an apparently greater good has over an apparently lesser good, or an apparently lesser evil has over an apparently greater evil, or an apparent good had over an apparent evil, in compelling choices" according to Bahm. Thus, man's choices are dictated by his values for which ethics evaluates and judges, and eventually be practised by his oughtness. (Bahm, p 27, 1994) Ethics isEthics is used to criticise, defend, promote, justify and suggest moral concepts and to answer the questions that concerns morality. (http://www.galilean-library.org/int11.html, para 2, Sept. 21, 2006) Moreover, Baase's (2003) concept of ethics is as simple and as basic as "doing the right thing." Therefore, behaving ethically goes down to the most common and the simplest basis of human good - that is being honest, keeping promises, doing the job well, and not stealing. Ethics had become popular in studying philosophy even during the ancient times. Furthermore, it has been continuously studied and given as much attention since it plays a major role in the formation of man's personality and the society as well where man is a member of. The role of man in the society, therefore, made ethics an important issue that needs to be given as much attention. Since ethics is generally an extensive theme, philosophers break it into several branches that cater to the different aspects of life. Some of these branches of ethics are business ethics, medical ethics, educational ethics, law and order ethics, and so on. Depending on the nature of the ethical branch, a set of codes are identified. Computer Ethics A. History In the 1940's, during the World War II, MIT professor Norbert Wiener saw the social and ethical consequences concerning the technologies used at that time. Therefore, he decided to create a new field of research he called "cybernetics" - the science of information feedback system. He was well aware even before the atomic

Agree or disagree with Lay Off the Layoffs Essay

Agree or disagree with Lay Off the Layoffs - Essay Example One shares similar contentions that despite the apparent justification or rationales of organizations that opt to lay-off employees, the long-term negative effects are immensely significant to overlook. It is commendable to have provided the general reasons why organizations resort to layoffs in the first place. I am sure that members of the board of directors, the executive management team, as well as senior management, have all exhausted strategies, resources, time, and efforts to ensure that their respective organizations would survive the most tediously pressing impact of recessionary effects that impinge on their operations. As revealed, â€Å"the majority of the layoffs that have taken place during this recession†¦arent the result of a broken business model† (Pfeffer par. 4). Therefore, I honestly believe that the people who have direct governance and jurisdiction to ensuring that the organization survives have done their respective extensive and comprehensive research before resorting to the controversial downsizing decision. In retrospect, one would like to take the position of the devil’s advocate in trying to evaluate, despite knowing the costs of layoffs, why would management still opt to decide on downsizing if it would mean the demise of the organization? After taking into consideration the myths in downsizing, one realizes that as the last option to ensure continued survival of the organization in a recession, the effectiveness of even considering this option lies in the manner by which downsizing or layoffs are communicated, implemented, and managed. Not all organizations that downsized failed. In much the same way, not all organizations that should have laid off employees and did not, succeed. The recent hullaballoo regarding Microsoft’s memo signifying laying off thousands of employees had stirred mixed reactions (Roose). According to Foley, â€Å"as a result of the layoffs, Microsoft officials said the

Pph Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Pph - Assignment Example Data relating to previous pregnancies and postpartum hemorrhage were obtained from population-based linked birth and hospital-discharge records that were identified. These data with a population-based design study were consisted of 4,000 participants, in which 300 cases of hemorrhage was identified, including 50 cases of severe postpartum hemorrhage. Purposive random sampling was done for the sample selection. Snowball sampling was done to assure randomization. This sampling method is conducted where each member of a criterion-defined population has an equal opportunity to become part of the sample. All randomly selected participants were analyzed using medical files and medication administration records (which includes the dose, time and route given) that were used for data collection. The use of these records was aimed to determine the effectiveness of the pharmacological treatment for postpartum hemorrhage. Chosen respondents from the aforementioned sampling method were personally informed by the researcher through direct interview, emails and phone calls. The study was carried out on from the medical records of women who have given birth in which active management of labor was implemented which include the administration of uterotonic drugs. Maternal age, parity, gestation, mode of delivery, cause of postpartum hemorrhage and grade of doctor managing the case were recorded. Specifically, the medication administration records were the main sources of data. With this, administration of uterotonic drugs can be closely monitored, as to the time, dosage, frequency and intervals. Actual medical files are also accessed to assess effectiveness of the treatment methods and the actual patient responses to the treatment strategy. The data obtained will be treated unbiased and the confidentiality of the information and identity will not be disclosed. Patient names will not be used; instead codes will be assigned to

True Blood vs Twilight Essay Example for Free

True Blood vs Twilight Essay The year 2008 saw the book-to-screen translation of two human/vampire love stories: Twilight and True Blood. True Blood, a television show on HBO, is a single volume of the book series Dead Until Dark by Charlaine Harris. Twilight is an adaptation of the book series by Stephanie Meyer that has transformed into multiple motion pictures. Twilight is set in Forks, Washington where vampires are merely a myth to humans, and True Blood is set in the fictional town Bon Temps, Louisiana, where vampires have come out of hiding to try and cohabitate themselves into human society because of the invention of synthetic blood. When considering the legend and lore of vampires, the characters, and the actual production value of the story, True Blood and the Twilight series run as two dynamically opposite tales. The mythology of vampires puts forth the notion of the undead and their supernatural abilities. True Blood respects the original vampire culture by never straying too far from it’s familiar conventions, such as having fangs, requiring blood for nutrients, burning when exposed to sunlight or silver, and having the ability to fly. As for the under-played Twilight version, the mocking ability of a vampire’s skin sparkling when they step into the sun is almost as threatening as â€Å"My Little Pony†, and taking away the monstrous quality of having fangs completely destroys the classic horror theme. Another over-dramatic trait of Twilight’s vampires is that they do not require sleep, yet they have an immeasurable amount of strength. True Blood holds the more logical approach that vampires must rest during the day or else they will get weak and develop a condition known as â€Å"the bleeds,† where they bleed out of the orifices of their face. Besides the physical characteristics, Twilight has stunted the belief that vampires are an â€Å"equal race†, by giving each of their characters a different ability. For example, in the Cullens family (Twilight), Jasper has the ability to calm a room, Alice can predict the future, and Edward can read humans’ minds (except for Bella’s). Despite these enchanting traits of a rather vicious creature, True Blood keeps it simple and understandable by all of their vampires having the same ability to â€Å"glamour† a human, or mesmerize them, and have super speed and strength (when well rested). Twilight’s â€Å"glamour vamps† lack excitement and originality while True Blood’s vamps wear their entire being on their cold, lifeless sleeves. A crucial component for building hope and suspense for a reader would consist of having well-suited characters that add spark to the story. Twilight tells the viewers about the potential plot that could unfold, leaving no suspense, whereas True Blood’s viewers have a visual component, making it easier to connect and empathize with the characters. Twilight’s Bella Swan is a self-conscious, introverted human teenager, while True Blood’s Sookie Stackhouse is an independent, strong-willed human waitress. Both heroines seem to find themselves fascinated with the vampires they each encounter and eventually struggle with their lovers’ â€Å"dark side†. When Bella first sees Edward, she is instantly attracted to him but does not outwardly express it and does not initially insert her interest in any way, unlike Sookie who strikes a conversation with Bill as soon as she sees him and later saves his life all within the first episode. Twilight’s Edward Cullen seems to be an egotistical snob that talks a big talk but takes action demonstrating his â€Å"vampire† abilities, especially when compared to True Blood’s Bill Compton, who will use his supernatural powers to any extent when it deems necessary to him, even though his being a vampire shames him. Edward only speaks of being a threat to his lover, Bella, while on the other hand, Bill stakes another vampire in the second season to save Sookie’s life (a criminal act worth the death penalty in the vampire world). Both vampires demonstrate their love, but Bill clearly acts on his feelings and instincts as a supernatural creature rather than Edward, who basically sits and complains about his negative self image. True Blood, being a television show of three seasons, has had the luxury of thirty-six hours of run-time to shape their story, describe their world, and add depth to their characters, whereas Twilight has had less than eight hours (including all three motion pictures) to evolve it’s repetitive love story. While Meyer’s story revolves around teenage angst, True Blood caters to a more mature audience by giving them heaping doses of adult content, like: sex, violence, and tons of blood. By True Blood integrating vampires into a modern-type society, it allows the show to tackle things that are normally controversial like racism, segregation, and religion. In contrast, Twilight simply keeps vampires hidden away from the human race, spending most of their budget on special effects and young, attractive actors, serving to the youth culture. Twilight strains its ability to genuinely connect with the audience by having one of the main characters, Bella, narrate the movie from a first-person perspective, limiting the audience to her emotions and point-of-view. Although Sookie Stackhouse is the main character of the story, the plot is not limited solely to her perspective; True Blood makes sure that there is plenty of time spent developing the other main characters’ story lines that solidifies the show’s strong ensemble cast that includes: Sookie’s younger, air-headed brother Jason, her strong best friend Tara, Tara’s gay cousin Lafayette, Sam the bar-owning shapeshifter, and Eric the vampire sheriff of Louisiana. When diving into possibilities of a fantasy on screen, there is always a pinch of realism needed in the story in order keep the viewer grounded in reality. By basing the series on the possible outcomes of vampires and humans incorporating their worlds, True Blood stays true to the egregiousness of the vampire reputation. Twilight minimally does the same thing every year or so, while lacking the excitement that True Blood gives it’s viewers on a weekly basis. True Blood is a fiendishly fun and breath-takingly baleful series featuring insane characters filled with life and thrill, while Twilight is a teen centric sulk-fest filled with silence and shame.

A Hotel And Restaurants Tourism Essay

A Hotel And Restaurants Tourism Essay Introduction A hotel and Restaurants are the place where providing products such as food, accommodation and services to the guests who willing to pay for whatever consumed or experienced by them. Basically when the people like to stay or eat out of the home, first they expect the good services, quality products and satisfaction because of this the classification systems is introduced to in hotel and restaurant Industry. Once we search about why people using the classifications systems in hotel and restaurants; The people can find the hotel and restaurant in easily according to their budgets, because every one cant stay in five star hotels and they cant eat in luxury restaurants, so they can find the hotels and restaurants in their capacity. Most of the people they like to stay and eat at quality and luxury hotels and restaurants, because they like to keep their high range so this classification system is most useful to find the highest range of hotels and restaurants also. Everyone has a expecting the different facilities, so according to some of classification systems they can find the facilities, Eg; swimming pool, sports access, live music, Wi-Fi Internet access conference facilities, *specially disable people expecting the assistance or disable access in room and restaurants Accessible to a wheelchair user travelling independently. Accessible to a wheelchair user travelling with assistance. Accessible to someone with limited mobility, able to walk a few paces and up a maximum of three steps. The every traveller interest to visit to different kind of places so its very helpful to find the accommodations and quality restaurants in their interested places. The people can make sure their own health and safty,via the classification system because the classification systems are have some of basic law and rules because of that they are checking the quality of food and products, after that only their register with them that industry, And as a same time this classification system is helping to the Hotel and restaurant industry also, Every customers are checking the range of facilities and the quality of products, so their taking the classification guides in their hand before their leaving home so this is the best way to advertise the industry, Its the best way to publish their business, once the hotels or restaurants are registered with this systems their publishing their qualities of products, and their services, and they can show the range of their industry Eg; one five stars hotels, one three roses restaurants The classification system is reaching to all the customers as a tour guides, so when the Hotel and restaurants are register with this the industry dont want to advertise their products and services as a result the industry promote the business automatically via the classification system. In this guides their using lots of simple symbols to easy to identify the range or standards, qualities, services, prices and facilities of the hotel and restaurant industry. Eg; The classification systems are having different structures; Registration: Every Form of licensing which may or may not demand a minimum standard. Eg; Safety and security, Cleanliness, Maintenance, Physical Quality, Hospitality, Reservations, Prices and Billing, Housekeeping Services, Food Quality, Menu and Pricing, Heating and Temperature Control, Lighting, Communication and Business Services and Alcoholic Drink Services/Licences Classification: Separation of different types and ranges of accommodation as one To five stars hotel this several categories based on a range of criteria according to these five aeries such as cleanliness, service, food, bedrooms and bathrooms. And also we can divide the Hotel accommodations as five to seven categories to be applied. Other forms of accommodation e.g. motels, guest-houses and self catering apartments seldom justify more than two or three classes. Grading: Often combine with classification; this is a quality assessment awarding a symbol to denote an above average service to an accommodation facility. Eg; Green globe classification systems for environment, product the global warming, Popular classification systems in Great Britain: AA (Auto mobile association) Michelin guide Tourist Board AA Auto mobile association (Accommodation Guide) Introduction; The AA is offer quality-assured accommodation because the AA team of experts visited and rated for the all the accommodations. In this AA classification system has offer over 6,500 places to stay in UK. Whether Travellers looking for BBs, farmhouses, inns, hotels, country houses hotels or town houses, they can find the perfect places via AA. Every Accommodation uploaded with their available facilities, location, prices, services, and with the images and Details with the descriptions written by an AA inspector. From short breaks and family holidays to business trips, everyone can book their accommodation with the AA for guaranteed peace via the secure online booking process The AA is one of the UKs most well-established and respected organizations and has been recommending hotels to travellers since 1908. With over 100 years of experience behind us, you can be confident in your hotel choice. Get the most out of the details of trip with AA Travel. Easy to find the route and find places to stay at your destination with AA Route Planner, and find places to eat out at your destination with our Restaurants HYPERLINK http://www.theaa.com/travel/basicsearch/preparepoisearchstage1.do?statusstage1=newpage=fooddrinkHYPERLINK http://www.theaa.com/travel/basicsearch/preparepoisearchstage1.do?statusstage1=newpage=fooddrink Pubs search facility, and find things to do and places to see with the AAs Events HYPERLINK http://www.theaa.com/travel/basicsearch/preparepoisearchstage1.do?statusstage1=newpage=eventattractionHYPERLINK http://www.theaa.com/travel/basicsearch/preparepoisearchstage1.do?statusstage1=newpage=eventattraction Attractions listings. The common standards make types of accommodation easy to understand and give you confidence that establishments can meet the standards you require. The AA is categorised the accommodation such as Hotel, Guest accommodation and Budget Hotel. Hotel and guest accommodation are divided into sub-categories or designators that provide more information about the type of establishment. Hotel categories; * Hotel; A formal accommodation offering full hotel services. *Country House Hotel; A hotel with sample grounds or gardens set in a rural or semi-rural situation; the property has a focus on peace and quiet. *Small Hotel; Smaller establishments having a maximum of 20 bedrooms, and personally run by the owner. *Town House Hotel; A high-quality property of distinctive style with a maximum of 50 bedrooms, set in a town or city centre; possibly no dinner but room service is available instead. *Metro Hotel; A town or city property providing full hotel services except dinner, with the easy walking distance of a range of places to eat. Guest accommodation categories BB (Bed and Breakfast) who they are providing the accommodation and breakfast only by owners for paying guests. Guest House who they are providing the accommodation, breakfast and more services by owners and staff for paying more than six guests.E.g. Dinner. Farmhouse Bed and Breakfast or Guest House accommodation provided on a working farm. Restaurant with Rooms A restaurant offering a maximum of 12 bedrooms. Guest Accommodation Any establishment that with the accommodation only in this general category. Accommodation standards Star ratings Star ratings, from one to five, show the standard of quality for hotels and guest accommodation. Star rating Hotel Guest Accommodation The most of the rooms are en suite standard, Daily Breakfast and dinner most evenings at the designed restaurants. Minimum quality requirements are; cleanliness, maintenance, hospitality, facilities and services. Continental breakfast is served in a dining room or eating area, or bedroom only. All rooms are en suite with the private facilities. Daily breakfast and dinner serves at Designed restaurant or dining room. Good quality beds and breakfast prepared with a good level of care. Professional Staffs and quality services.Eg; Silver services. All rooms are en suite, The restaurant or dining room is open to residents and non-residents. Standard services with Friendly welcome, and good-quality beds and furnished room A Good quality choice of fresh cooked food for breakfast. Professional, uniformed staffs respond to the guest request and needs, Well-arranged public areas. The restaurant or dining room is open to residents and non-residents, Lunch is available in a designated eating area. At least half of the bedrooms are en suite or have private bathrooms with Very good beds and high quality furniture. A Good quality choice of fresh cooked food for breakfast Luxurious accommodation and public areas, with a range of extra facilities available High quality menu and wine list. All bedrooms are en suite and with the private bathroom. Excellent quality beds and furnishings. Breakfast includes specials/home-made items, high quality ingredients, and fresh local produce. Other accommodation symbols used on this website AA Merit % Score This is the additional Star rating system, this percentage is an AA Merit Score as a percentage. It shows the level of quality achieved within each Star rating, which helps you to compare hotels with the same number of Stars. AA Inspectors Choice these hotels stand out as the very best in the UK and the Republic of Ireland, regardless of style. The selected Inspectors Choice hotels are identified by red Stars. Highly Commended The score is then represented as a one- to five-Star rating. Yellow Stars indicate that an establishment is within the upper 10% of the quality score range for a three- four- or a five-Star guest accommodation. Breakfast and Dinner awards For guest accommodation, the eggcup and pie symbols indicate a very special breakfast or dinner, with an emphasis on freshly prepared local ingredients. Unconfirmed rating This symbol shows as their Star rating has not been confirmed. This may be due to a change of ownership or because the establishment has only recently joined the AA rating scheme. AA Associate recognition Establishments inspected and rated by Visit Britain, Visit Scotland or Visit Wales can pay to belong to the AA Associate Hotel/Guest Accommodation Scheme. You can be confident that all AA Associate-recognised establishments have Star ratings that meet the common quality standards. Accommodation prices Prices are given for a single or double room per night this Prices include VAT, except in the Channel Islands where VAT does not apply. But this all the prices are subject to change better to check the rates before making booking, and these prices for hotels and guest accommodation shown in Euros (EUR). Pennant ratings for campsites and caravan parks Campsites and caravan parks are rated by AA inspectors on a five-point scale. The Pennant ratings increase with the quality and variety of facilities a park offers. The AA Pennant rating is only based on the touring pitches and the facilities at campsites and caravan parks. AA inspectors do not visit or report on rented static caravans or chalets. Holiday Centres Holiday Centres cater for all holiday needs, including entertainment and catering facilities. They provide: a wide range of on-site sports, leisure and recreational facilities exceptional supervision and security a choice of eating outlets touring facilities of equal importance to statics a maximum density of 25 pitches per acre clubhouse with entertainment provided automatic laundry Rosette awards for restaurants In nationwide about 10% of restaurants are standard of one Rosette awards worthy of One Rosette .AA Rosettes are solely awarded by AA Hotel and Restaurant Inspectors. External influences from hotels, restaurants or other guides are not taken into account when awarding Rosettes. These restaurants they serve food prepared with care, understanding and skill, using good quality ingredients. Around 50% of restaurants/hotels within our AA Restaurant Guide have One Rosette. Excellent restaurants that aim for and achieve higher standards and better consistency in this standard restaurant have a best cooking and there will be the selection of quality ingredients in foods. Its around 40% of restaurants/hotels within our AA Restaurant Guide have Two Rosettes. It will be outstanding restaurants the cooking is underpinned by the selection and sympathetic treatment of the highest quality ingredients and in here they are maintaining the great timing, seasoning and the judgment of flavour combinations will consistently be excellent. And like this restaurants maintain the good quality of wine list also in this service. Around 10% of the restaurants/hotels within the AA Restaurant Guide have Three Rosettes and above. Among the top restaurants in the UK, where the cooking demands national recognition. These restaurants exhibit intense ambition, a passion for excellence, superb technical skills, and remarkable consistency. They will combine appreciation of culinary traditions with a passionate desire for further exploration and improvement. There are very few restaurants with Four AA Rosettes. The pinnacle, where cooking compares with the best in the world. These restaurants have highly individual voices, exhibit breathtaking culinary skills, and set standards to which others aspire to, yet few achieve. Once we search about Doubletree Hilton Hotel through AA as one example; Hotel Star category Register with AA Restaurant Category Doubletree by Hilton Chester 81% Location Warrington Road Hoole Village Percentage Score of this Restaurant CHESTER CH2 3PD Contact Tel: 01244 408800 Fax: 01244 320251 Price from  £65.00 About the Hotel; Major investment has transformed this notable 18th-century country house into a must-see destination. Available Facilities; Bedrooms, with smart modern bathrooms, are very well equipped and feature a wealth of practical and thoughtful extras. Public areas, furnished in a minimalist style, retain many period features, including a Grade II listed conservatory. The Orchid Restaurant is an ideal setting for both casual and fine dining. A luxury spa is due to open in the autumn of 2009. Hotel Images; Direction Bed Rooms Extra Facilities M53 junct 12 towards Chester. Hotel 500yds on left Nearest station: Chester Nearest motorway: M53 junct 12 The Doubletree By Hilton Chester Is Located In Chester, England. Outside City Centre, Close To Chester Races, Near Chester Zoo En-suite rooms:110 Direct dial from rooms No dogs allowed except guide dogs 24-Hour Room Service, Restaurant, Concierge Desk, Cable Television On Flat-screens, Complimentary High-speed Internet, Coffee And Tea Facilities According to this AA guide they had given the enough information about the Doubletree Hilton Hotel. Such as the hotel star category, restaurants Rosette awards, Restaurant percentage Score, Hotel images, the room price, available facilities of this hotel also. So we can say this guide made for easy to find the accommodation where the traveller interested. Michelin Guide In 1900 the Michelin Guide started by Andre Michelin in France, The main product is Michelin tyres, the first Michelin Guide was created for who they are working with the company drivers only, because its easy locate garages and fuel suppliers during their journey in France and in future it was included the good places for food and lodging to overnight stay in France. In future The Michelin Guide offers selection of the best hotels and restaurants in every category, at prices to suit all budgets. The choices are made by Michelin team of inspectors, who they are travelling across the country in all Now its with 12 guides covering Austria, Benelux, France, Germany, Great Britain Ireland, Italy, Spain, Portugal, Switzerland. However the main goal is to make travelling easier and help readers. The Scale of Michelin Guide;- In 110 years, 30 million copies of the Michelin Guide for France have been sold, with an average of 400,000 copies sold in each of the past three years in a total of 97 countries. 45,000 letters are received every year for the Michelin Guides in Europe, of which more than 80 per cent agree with our recommendations. Fewer than five per cent of establishments in the Guide have been awarded stars. The Michelin Guide Great Britain Ireland includes 5445 establishments. The 12 Guides in the collection contain a total of more than 45,000 hotels and restaurants. The Michelin guide has divided in country wise as Red Guide and Green Guide. Red Guide is shows the categorized accommodation and restaurant details in the country, but The Green Guide is showing the information on history and cultural heritage of the country. The Michelin Guide using the symbols and categories of Restaurants sector;- -Quit comfortable Restaurant -Comfortable Restaurant -Very comfortable Restaurant -Top class comfort Restaurant Luxury in the traditional style Restaurant -Quit comfortable and pleasant Restaurant -Comfortable and pleasant Restaurant -Very Comfortable and pleasant Restaurant Top class Comfort and pleasant Restaurant -Luxury in the traditional style and pleasant Restaurant -A very good Restaurant -Excellent cooking, worth a detour -Exceptional cuisine, worth a special journey Bib Gourmand Traditional and pleasant pub serving food Traditional pub serving food Good Wine selection The Michelin Guide using the symbols in Hotel sector;- -Restaurant -Car park -Air condition Non smoking Internet Disable access Starlight TV Suitable for Children Animal allowed -Swimming pool The Example of the Hotel which is registered with Michelin; Hotel star rate London Marriott Hotel County Hall Location London County Hall, Westminster Bridge Road GB London SE1 7PB Facilities Price Rooms for person(s) from 168.26  £ Services; Facing the Houses of Parliament, Big Ben and the River Thames, this historic and central 5-star Marriott hotel has first-class service, a pool, gym, spa and luxurious rooms. London Marriott Hotel County Hall shares the South Bank with the London Eye and London Aquarium. Rooms have luxury bedding, air conditioning and bathrobes. Some have stunning London views. Fine cuisine is served in The County Hall Restaurant. There are many lounges and bars, and 24-hour room service. The Example of the Restaurant which is registered with Michelin; Very Comfortable and pleasant Restaurant Excellent cooking The Capital Restaurant 51.5;-0.16159 22-24 Basil St GB Chelsea SW3 1AT Location http://www.capitalhotel.co.uk Cooking French / INCLUDEPICTURE http://www.viamichelin.com/viamichelin/gbr/img/rg/072.gif * MERGEFORMATINET 38 £/58 £ INCLUDEPICTURE http://www.viamichelin.com/viamichelin/gbr/img/rg/513.gif * MERGEFORMATINET Good Wine selection Phone (020) 7589 5171 Fax (020) 7225 0011 E-mail HYPERLINK mailto:[emailprotected] o [emailprotected] t _blank [emailprotected] Site HYPERLINK http://www.capitalhotel.co.uk o http://www.capitalhotel.co.uk t _blank http://www.capitalhotel.co.uk Cuisine French Ausstattungen Remarks Hotel restaurant imbued with an understated elegance. Confident, precise cooking; classical dishes come with impishly ingenious touches. Enthusiastic and knowledgeable staff. Specialities Crab lasagne with langoustine cappuccino. Saddle of rabbit Provencal with seared calamari. Iced coffee parfait with chocolate fondant. The Tourist Board in England. The goal of the Tourist board is to develop the tourism England. The tourist board guide is including over 27,000 quality assessed accommodation establishments for a place stay. The Tourist Board is operating the Tourist Information Centres is all over the England, TIC services are; Find a place to stay In TIC can find the quality accommodation to stay to the tourist where they are interested to visit. Plan a Tour The people have any ideas about their holidays, or day outs, the TIC make the tour plans and arrange the trip according to their ideas and where they are interested places and also they can search for attractions and events all over the country, the people can also purchase tickets for events and attractions in TIC Destination guides In TIC issuing the Destination guide so, anyone can read the destination guides in the Destinations section and learn about a wide range of towns, cities, villages and other holiday locations all over England. Travellers tips If Travellers like to visit anywhere in England, the TIC will give the important and use full information and instructions to them, its helpful for their safety and healthy travel. The Tourist board is categorising the industry according to their minimum requirements, such as accommodation standard, cleanliness, ambience, hospitality, service and food. When the tourist board satisfied they are using the star rating system, (1 to 5 Stars) Except the star awards the Tourist board is awarding the Silver Gold awards for hotels and guest accommodation whose quality outperforms their star rating. The tourist board is care about the green world; as a result they introduced the green award. The tourist board expect the minimum requirement of establishment: Licensed to serve alcohol All bedrooms en-suite or with private bathroom Designated reception facility and proprietor or staff on the premises day and evening Access to hotel at all times for registered guests Dinner served at least five days a week (Unless town house hotel/metro hotel) The Tourist board categorised the accommodation; Hotels Any establishment have more than 20rooms its categorised under the Hotel category. Small hotels More than 6 rooms and a maximum of 20 and its run by owner Country house hotels Accommodation with grounds or gardens, in a rural or semi-rural location, with emphasis on peace and quiet. Town house hotels Its established in city/town centre locations offering high quality with a distinctive style. Metro hotels Its we can found in city/town centres, offering full hotel services, but no dinner. They will be within easy walking distance of a range of places to eat. Budget hotels Always part of a large branded hotel group offering clean and comfortable en-suite facilities, 24-hour reservations and a consistent level of facilities. Self catering This accommodation provides the freedom to eat out or cook for yourself Holiday villages Holiday villages are a popular way of combining accommodation and on-site leisure facilities for families and adults. Park Inn Heathrow, managed by Rezidor Hotel Group, offers 880 comfortable and spacious guest rooms and suites. Conveniently situated at Londons Heathrow Airport, the hotel is close to Stockley Business Park, Royal Windsor and Legoland, plus central London is just a 15-minute train ride away on the Heathrow Express. Additional facilities at Park Inn Heathrow include a fitness centre which comprises a 15-metre heated pool, a wide variety of cardio-vascular equipment, a sauna, a solarium and a Jacuzzi. Access to the fitness centre is complimentary to hotel guests. Pulse Cafà © / Bar / Deli offers a modern international cafà © menu serving fresh and eclectic comfort food from around the world, including many healthy and low carbohydrate options. New opened multi-cuisine Restaurant and Bar called Bravo! Bravo serving food from throughout the world with back ground live music and entertainment. Brand new state-of-the-art Conference Centre makes the Park Inn Heathrow hotel one of the largest conference venues at Heathrow Airport with 2,045 square meters of meeting space, the new facilities are offering an additional nine conference and meeting rooms, all adding up to a total of 43 versatile rooms accommodate up to 700 delegates in theatre style. Prices from  £79.00, subject to availability.