Free Essays on A Racial Analysis Of Capital Punishment

A Racial Analysis of Capital Punishment In simple terms, â€Å"capital punishment is the lawful taking of a person’s life after conviction for a crime† (Flander, 3). In an historical aspect, capital punishment traces as far back as the earliest times of Western Civilization. The first criminal laws were the practice of personal justice. Stephen Flanders writes in his book Capital Punishment: â€Å"the infliction of death for purpose of retribution has been a facet of human existence since earliest times. Even before the emergence of organized societies, individuals killed to avenge wrongs done to them and their families. There was no code that specified wrongful conduct or penalties such behavior would incur† (4). The earliest recorded sets of laws were known to Western society as the Babylonian Hammurabi code. It decreed the death penalty for crimes as minor as the fraudulent sale of beer. Egyptians were also killed for disclosing sacred burial places and for the theft of valuable heirlooms (Flander, 5). â€Å"Historically, one of the reasons societies had relied so heavily on the death penalty was that other punishment options did not exist† (Flander, 6). As more organized social structures developed, crimes were divided into public and private offenses. Public offenses, such as witchcraft and blasphemy, were punished by the state while private offenses still were answered by acts of personal retribution (Flander, 4). The debate over this issue continues to be questioned in both the courts and the congress. Debate about the death penalty usually turns on by issues of fairness, morality, and effectiveness; another important point bought up among many is the topic of taxpayer’s money (Costanzo, 59). People who oppose of capital punishment believe that the death penalty is unfair. When the issue of fairness is debated the question asked most often: â€Å"is the death penalty racist? â€Å"The statistics show that blacks who ... Free Essays on A Racial Analysis Of Capital Punishment Free Essays on A Racial Analysis Of Capital Punishment A Racial Analysis of Capital Punishment In simple terms, â€Å"capital punishment is the lawful taking of a person’s life after conviction for a crime† (Flander, 3). In an historical aspect, capital punishment traces as far back as the earliest times of Western Civilization. The first criminal laws were the practice of personal justice. Stephen Flanders writes in his book Capital Punishment: â€Å"the infliction of death for purpose of retribution has been a facet of human existence since earliest times. Even before the emergence of organized societies, individuals killed to avenge wrongs done to them and their families. There was no code that specified wrongful conduct or penalties such behavior would incur† (4). The earliest recorded sets of laws were known to Western society as the Babylonian Hammurabi code. It decreed the death penalty for crimes as minor as the fraudulent sale of beer. Egyptians were also killed for disclosing sacred burial places and for the theft of valuable heirlooms (Flander , 5). â€Å"Historically, one of the reasons societies had relied so heavily on the death penalty was that other punishment options did not exist† (Flander, 6). As more organized social structures developed, crimes were divided into public and private offenses. Public offenses, such as witchcraft and blasphemy, were punished by the state while private offenses still were answered by acts of personal retribution (Flander, 4). The debate over this issue continues to be questioned in both the courts and the congress. Debate about the death penalty usually turns on by issues of fairness, morality, and effectiveness; another important point bought up among many is the topic of taxpayer’s money (Costanzo, 59). People who oppose of capital punishment believe that the death penalty is unfair. When the issue of fairness is debated the question asked most often: â€Å"is the death penalty racist? â€Å"The statistics show that blacks who ...

The Hero Diary Entry Essays

The Hero Diary Entry Essays The Hero Diary Entry Paper The Hero Diary Entry Paper The old woman suddenly started to shed tears because she noticed that I was going to inform her about his sons death and I didnt know what to do so I decided to continue my well prepared speech louder than I was telling it before. But her weeping also got louder and with a higher intensity. I finally decided to stop but I didnt have enough bravery and confidence with her to get nearer and say that I was very sorry so I got up. She didnt even notice I was walking towards the door but when I opened it she stopped crying. I looked towards her and I noticed she was whispering something very softly with her neck bent. I stayed at the door mat until she said directly to me that she wanted me to stay and tell her about the last time I was with Jack and what he told me about her. I stood quietly besides her and she asked me if all that I had said was true. The problem in my mind started again because I wasnt brave enough to tell the truth about the cowardly attitude of her son. I gave her Jacks badge and the uniform he used in war. She smiled directly to me but I felt bad about myself because I knew that telling the truth would affect her feelings a lot. I stayed with her just a little longer because my real work was in the front line and when I went out the weather was much colder and sad; just the same as the womans feelings. There are a lot of these situations in war daily but this was an exceptional case which I am sure I will remember all my life. Im so sure because every night in my dreams since that day, I can see the old lady in her living room, in the same couch I was sitting when I went there, crying for her son because she was proud of him, because he died for her and for her country.

AP World History - Learn What Test Score You Need

AP World History - Learn What Test Score You Need World History is a popular Advanced Placement subject, and in 2017 nearly 300,000 students took the AP World History exam. Many colleges have a history requirement as part of their general education programs, and a high score on the exam will often fulfill the requirement and qualify students to take upper-level history courses. About the AP World History Course and Exam AP World History is designed to cover the material one would encounter in a two-semester introductory-level college world history course, although the reality is that very few colleges will award two semesters of credit for the course. The course is broad and covers important people and events from 8000 B.C.E to the present. Students learn to make historical arguments and historical comparisons, and they learn how to analyze and write about both primary and secondary sources. Students study how to contextualize historical events, and how to understand cause and effect in relation to historical phenomena. The course can be broken down into five broad themes: The ways that humans have been shaped by the environment as well as the way that humans have affected and transformed the environment.The rise and interaction of different cultures, and the ways that religions and various  belief systems have molded societies over time.Issues of state including the study of agrarian, pastoral, and mercantile states, as well as the ideological foundations of governing systems such as religion and nationalism. Students also study types of states such as autocracies and democracies, and conflicts and wars between states.Economic systems including their creation, expansion, and interaction. Students study agricultural and industrial systems as well as systems of labor including free labor and coerced labor.Social structures within human societies including those based on kinship, ethnicity, gender, race, and wealth. Students will study have different social groups are created, sustained, and transformed. Along with the five themes, AP World History can be broken down into six historical periods: Name of Time Period Date Range Weight on Exam Technological and Environmental Transformation 8000 to 600 B.C.E. 5 percent Organization and Reorganization of Human Societies 600 B.C.E to 600 C.E. 15 percent Regional and Interregional Interactions 600 C.E. to 1450 20 percent Global Interactions 1450 to 1750 20 percent Industrialization and Global Integration 1750 to 1900 20 percent Accelerating Global Change and Realignments 1900 to the Present 20 percent AP World History Exam Score Information In 2018, 303,243 students took the Advanced Placement World History exam. The mean score was a 2.78. 56.2 percent of students received a score of 3 or higher, meaning they might qualify for college credit or course placement. The distribution of scores for the AP World History exam is as follows: AP World History Score Percentiles (2018 Data) Score Number of Students Percentage of Students 5 26,904 8.9 4 60,272 19.9 3 83,107 27.4 2 86,322 28.5 1 46,638 15.4 The College Board has posted preliminary score distributions for the World History exam for 2019 test-takers. Note that these numbers may change slightly as late exams get recorded. Preliminary 2019 AP World History Score Data Score Percentage of Students 5 8.7 4 19 3 28.3 2 28.9 1 15.1 College Credit Course Placement for AP World History Most colleges and universities have a history requirement and/or a global perspectives requirement, so a high score on the AP World History exam will sometimes fulfill one or both of these requirements. The table below presents some representative data from a variety of colleges and universities. This information is meant to provide a general overview of the scoring and placement practices related to the AP World History exam. For other schools, youll need to search the colleges website or contact the appropriate Registrars office to get AP placement information. AP World History Scores and Placement College Score Needed Placement Credit Georgia Tech 4 or 5 1000-level history (3 semester hours) LSU 4 or 5 HIST 1007 (3 credits) MIT 5 9 general elective units Notre Dame 5 History 10030 (3 credits) Reed College 4 or 5 1 credit; no placement Stanford University - no credit or placement for the AP World History exam Truman State University 3, 4 or 5 HIST 131 World Civilizations before 500 A.D. (3 credits) for a 3 or 4; HIST 131 World Civilizations before 500 A.D. and HIST 133 World Civilizations, 1700-Present (6 credits) for a 5 UCLA (School of Letters and Science) 3, 4 or 5 8 credits and World History placement Yale University - no credit or placement for the AP World History exam A Final Word on AP World History Keep in mind that college placement isnt the only reason to take AP World History. Selective colleges and universities typically rank an applicants  academic record  as the most important factor in the admissions process. Extracurricular activities and essays matter, but good grades in challenging classes matter more. The admissions folks will want to see good grades in college preparatory classes. Advanced Placement, International Baccalaureate (IB), Honors, and Dual Enrollment classes all play an important role in demonstrating an applicants college readiness. In fact, success in challenging courses is the best predictor of college success available to the admissions officers. SAT and ACT scores have some predictive value, but the  thing they best predict is the income of the applicant. If youre trying to figure out which AP classes to take, World History is often a good choice. It is a popular exam ranking below just five subjects: Calculus, English Language, English Literature, Psychology, and United States History. Colleges like to admit students who have broad, worldly knowledge, and World History certainly helps demonstrate that knowledge. To learn more specific information about the AP World History exam, be sure to visit the  official College Board website.

Social Media Channels and Websites Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Social Media Channels and Websites - Essay Example In recent summers, Netflix increased their prices without taking on board the customer’s preferences and their consent and took that decision on unilateral basis. The customers of Netflix recorded their protest on the Social Media Channels and actively showed their anger against such move of Netflix. Blockbuster, the competitor of Netflix was as if in search of this kind of opportunity to prove its presence in the market and actively started off offering its discounted services on the pages of those Social Media Channels. This move of Blockbuster substantially snatched a larger customer base of Netflix and increased its market share. So in this age, where Social Media Channels can play such role of defining new market trends, the companies also need to take very good care of their strategies and their potential impacts upon their customers. Topic 4 With the invent of new health applications in the mobile phones devices especially in the smartphones, the chances of a new market to come in front for the mobile phone manufacturers have become quite bright. These new developments both in the healthcare sector as well as in the smartphones industry can redefine the smartphones markets in the next three years. The biggest motivation that these smartphones manufacturers have obtained is the clearance provided by Food and Drug Administration (FDA). FDA has allowed these companies to provide some of the healthcare applications in the smartphones which include blood-pressure detector, CT scan, MRI and other disease detection and monitoring applications. Currently, FDA is taking fair amount of time in making new rules and regulations for the use of these healthcare applications in samrtphones as well as for their manufacturers. The analysts forecast that around 30% of the smartphone users would be utilizing these healthcare applications by the end of 2015. With these bright outlooks of these new inventions, there are some limitations and challenges that the smartph ones manufacturers might have to face which may affect the future strategies of those companies. There are uncertainties such as the nature of the regulations as how would they impact upon the companies’ strategies, how much time would FDA take to formulate those regulations etc. As long as these new regulations are not promulgated, the smartphones manufacturers will have to adopt the policy of wait and see for the commercial production of those new healthcare application based smartphones. Till that time, they have to undertake more extensive researches to produce better healthcare applications which are compatible as well as consistent and accurate in terms of their use. Topic 5 The eHealth programs have shown some real beneficial prospects with the computerization of the health activities. The emergence of computerization in health industry has played a key role in developing the care delivery process. This new eHealth programs in the province has got some ethical as well as social issues which have also been highlighted by the concerned authorities. While implanting this system, the most common ethical issues involve the security and privacy of the patients’ data as it is the moral responsibility of health ministry to

Wester Civilization II paper #4 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Wester Civilization II paper #4 - Essay Example stronomy and, after much deliberation, he presented a heliocentric world view: the sun was the centre around which the earth and other planets revolved. Brahe, in his turn, made observations through a large observatory; after observing a nova and a comet, he also decided that the old world view was incorrect. However, he propounded that all the planets except the earth moved around the sun and that these, in turn, moved around the earth. Kepler, who was Brahe’s student, took his teacher’s research further and made findings that supported a heliocentric view of the solar system. It was, however, Galileo who, by observing the galaxy through his telescope and coming to the conclusion that the stellar bodies did not move around the earth, popularized the Copernican theory. The Roman Catholic Church did not pay much attention to Copernicus, as they did not think his findings could damage their worldview. When the Church saw Copernican heliocentric theory being promoted and popularized in the masses by Galileo, it warned him to abstain and later forced him to recant. The Church held the doctrine that the earth was the centre of the universe, both physically and spiritually; the new scientific discoveries laid false this theory and were in direct contrast to the scriptures, that is why the Church felt threatened by their dissemination. The Hermetic beliefs stipulated that there was a universal spirit present in all objects, and that this universal spirit was evident therein. This belief was also held by Kepler, and it was because of it that Kepler studied planetary motion – so that he could discover a unifying spirit. Moreover, Paracelsus was an alchemist, and he built his theories upon the ideas stipulated by the ideas propounded by alchemy. He theorized that all matter was made up of three principles – salt, sulfur and mercury – as opposed to earth, fire, water and air as traditional alchemy laid down. He also digressed from traditional alchemy by denying

The Strategies Used By Fitness First To Build and Sustain Competitive Essay

The Strategies Used By Fitness First To Build and Sustain Competitive Advantage - Essay Example It is evidently clear from the discussion that established in 1993, Fitness First has grown significantly through pricing strategies that outperform or are generically more attractive to consumers both price-sensitive and those looking for more value for their money. Whilst other competition position on quality, reputation or innovation, Fitness First has gained positive ground by appealing to the budgetary needs of its many target consumers. Fitness First maintains many weaknesses, most of which are related to marketing and promotional development, lack of a cohesive organizational culture, and an inability to remove supplier and buyer power in the market. Fitness First maintained losses in 2010 and 2011, indicating a problem with operational costs that continue to outpace revenue production. As such, in this highly competitive industry, marketing becomes a critical function for the company if it is to be sustainable into the future. Despite these weaknesses, strengths associated wi th proper celebrity endorsements and effective diversification of existing products and services to extend the life cycle of its offerings tend to offset some of the aforementioned weaknesses. It is recommended that Fitness First conduct ample market research to align service and product with changing consumer needs, work to build a more mission-focused organizational culture, and improve marketing prowess with more investment in promotion as a key competitive strategy (brand-building emphasis). Fitness First was launched in 1993 as a single, stand-alone gym in Bournemouth. Through a series of investments, acquisitions, and business model improvements, Fitness First has grown quickly to become one of the largest health club centers in the world. The privately-owned company now boasts over one million members in over 400 Fitness First clubs spread across the globe.

Capital Punishment Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Capital Punishment - Term Paper Example The arguments of Pojman, which supports capital punishment, were based on three premises from anecdotal evidence. First, the deterrent effect of an object is increased with the increased degree of fear it can cause to a person. Second, people fear death more than any humane punishment, and third, death penalty is a humane punishment. From these premises, the author concludes that the death penalty is a more effective mechanism to deter people from committing homicide compared to long imprisonment (277). The argument presented was potentially sound since it was supported by coherent reasoning. However, while the first premise is logical, the last two premises have a potential conflict since not all criminals are fearful of death and generally, capital punishment is inhumane. Nevertheless, the author’s conclusion still follows his premises since there is a high chance that potential criminals will avoid committing first degree crime if they are aware that the sentence that await s them is death compared to long imprisonment. However, it is argued that capital punishment is not an appropriate sentence to major offenders. There is also a strong contention against the principle that the death penalty has a greater deterrence compared to long imprisonment. ... However, it is argued that life as it is, has an intrinsic value. This makes it unjust and immoral to permit the gambling of the lives of murderers. For the anecdotal argument, one of the premises of the proponent states that the death penalty is a humane punishment. This premise is a weak assumption since it is contended that the moral values of society do not perceive death penalty as acceptable. Thus, killing a person is inhumane. Due to the weak premises of the proponent, it cannot be concluded justly that capital punishment, in contrast to long term imprisonment, has a greater deterrence among potential criminals. A study of Donohue and Wolfers on the homicide rates in US revealed that there is no statistical evidence to prove that the death penalty has a substantial deterrent effect on homicide commission. The findings of the time series analysis showed that as the death penalty execution rose up from 1920s to 1930s, homicide rates also increased while both of the execution and homicide rates went down from 1940s to 1950s (796). Moreover, Donohue and Wolfers also conducted a comparative study between Canada and US to determine if execution rates can significantly reduce homicide rates. The findings showed that both US and Canada showed similar changes in homicide rates amidst country specific legislations that directly affected their execution rates. For instance, when Canada did not conduct executions in 1962, its homicide rates were still close to the US. In a similar way, when US suspended its death penalty policy in 1972, both the execution and homicide rates of US and Canada rose altogether (799). This study supports the argument that capital punishment does not significantly influence homicide rates,